职业行为准则

规则1.11:连续的政府和私人就业

(a)靠谱的滚球平台不得接受与下列事项有关的其他雇用, 或实质上与…相关, 靠谱的滚球平台以公职人员或雇员的身份亲自参与的事务. 这种参与包括以司法或其他裁判身份就某一事项的是非曲直采取行动.
   (b)如果靠谱的滚球平台因个人和实质性参与某一事项而根据(a)款被要求拒绝或退出雇佣, 没有那个靠谱的滚球平台的合伙人或同事, 或者与靠谱的滚球平台有靠谱的滚球平台关系的靠谱的滚球平台, 除下文第(c)及(d)段所规定的情况外，可否明知而接受或继续该等雇佣. 如果唯一的参与形式是作为司法法律书记员，则不适用取消此类其他靠谱的滚球平台资格的规定.
   (c) The prohibition stated in paragraph (b) shall not apply if the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 is timely screened from any form of participation in the matter or representation as the case may be, 也不能分享由此产生的任何费用, 以及(d)及(e)段的规定是否符合.
   (d) (e)段规定的除外, 当任何靠谱的滚球平台, 靠谱的滚球平台, 合作伙伴, 根据第(a)段个人被取消资格的靠谱的滚球平台的合伙人接受与导致个人被取消资格的事项有关的工作, 须提交下列通知:
      (1) The personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 shall submit to the public department or agency by which the 靠谱的滚球平台 was formerly employed and serve on each other party to any pertinent proceeding a signed document attesting that during the period of disqualification the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 will not participate in any manner in the matter or the representation, 不与任何合伙人讨论此事或代理事宜, 联系, 靠谱的滚球平台，靠谱的滚球平台, 并且不会就此事或代理收取任何费用.
      (2) At least one affiliated 靠谱的滚球平台 shall submit to the same department or agency and serve on the same parties a signed document attesting that all affiliated 靠谱的滚球平台s are aware of the requirement that the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 be screened from participating in or discussing the matter or the representation and describing the procedures being taken to screen the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台.
   (e) If a client requests in writing that the fact and subject matter of a representation subject to paragraph (d) not be disclosed by submitting the signed statements referred to in paragraph (d), 这种陈述应在进行陈述的同时编写，并加盖公章送交纪律靠谱的滚球平台存档. 在此之后的任何时间，该陈述的事实和主题向公众披露或成为公共记录的一部分, 先前准备的签署声明应按第(d)款的要求及时提交。.
   (f)根据(d)款提交的签署文件应向公众提供, except to the extent that a 靠谱的滚球平台 submitting a signed document demonstrates to the satisfaction of the public department or agency upon which such documents are served that public disclosure is inconsistent with 规则1.6或其他适用法律.
   (g)本条规则适用于涉及特定一方或多方的任何事项.
   (h)参加规则1所述的哥伦比亚特区总检察长办公室临时服务方案的靠谱的滚球平台.就(a)段而言，第10(e)段须视为曾担任公职人员或雇员, (b)至(e)款的规定应适用于该靠谱的滚球平台及其附属靠谱的滚球平台.

评论

   [1]这条规定适用于离开公职而从事其他工作的靠谱的滚球平台. 它适用于法官及其法律助理以及以其他身份行事的靠谱的滚球平台. 这是规则1的对应项.第9条，适用于个别前政府靠谱的滚球平台，以及规则1.10，适用于靠谱的滚球平台事务所.
   [2]代表政府机构的靠谱的滚球平台, 由政府雇用或特别雇用的, 是否受《靠谱的足球滚球平台》的约束, 包括禁止代表规则1所述的不利利益.第7条和第1条为前客户提供的保护.9. 此外，此类靠谱的滚球平台还受本条第1条的约束.11以及有关利益冲突的法规和政府规章. 在哥伦比亚特区，有很多联邦和民主党的靠谱的滚球平台.C. 政府及其机构, 他们中的许多人不断离开政府，接受其他工作, 必须特别注意联邦利益冲突法规.看,e.g.,18 U.S.C. 第十一章及其规定和意见.
   [3]规则1.11, (a)段, flatly forbids a 靠谱的滚球平台 to accept other employment in 靠谱的滚球平台以公职人员或雇员的身份亲自参与的事务; participation specifically includes acting on a matter in a judicial capacity. 除本规则注释[10]中指出的情况外, 没有规定豁免个别靠谱的滚球平台的取消资格. “事项”在第(g)款中定义为仅包括特定一方或多方特有的事项. 制定具有普遍适用性的规则和制定一般政策通常不属于规则1所指的“事项”.11. (a)款禁止靠谱的滚球平台在某一事项上接受私人雇佣, 该靠谱的滚球平台的合伙人和同事也同样被禁止, 按(b)段, 除非遵循(c)至(f)段所述的筛选和披露程序，否则不得接受雇用.
   [4] The rule forbids 靠谱的滚球平台s to accept other employment in connection with matters that are the same as or “substantially related” to matters in which they participated personally and substantially while serving as public officers or employees. 在前政府雇员的背景下定义“实质性相关”事项的主要案例是 布朗诉. 哥伦比亚特区分区调整委员会， 486 A.2d 37 (D.C. 1984) (在银). 这是D.C. 上诉法院， 银, 在"旋转门"的背景下, 表明一个理性的人可以推断出这一点, 以公职人员或雇员的身份参与一件事, 这位前政府靠谱的滚球平台“可能获得了与本案有关的法律信息。, 或者在“后续表示”中有用, is 初步 证明这两件事实质上有关联的证据. 如果这 初步 显示已完成, the former government 靠谱的滚球平台 must disprove any ethical impropriety by showing that the 靠谱的滚球平台 “could not have gained access to information during the first representation that might be useful in the later representation.” Id. at 49-50. In 棕色（的）， 上诉法院在得出结论后宣布了“实质性相关”的检验, 根据前DR 9-101(B), 看到 《靠谱的滚球平台》，445 A.2d 615 (D.C. 1982) (在银) (由法院所定), the term “matter” was intended to embrace all matters “substantially related” to one another – a test that originated in "side-switching" litigation between private parties. 看到 规则1.9、评注[2]、[3]; 棕色（的）， 486 A.2d在39-40北纬. 1, 41-42 & n. 4. 相应的, 第(a)款中的“或实质上与之有关”一词是对司法解释的明确说明 棕色（的） 解释“物质.”
  [5] Paragraph (a)’s absolute disqualification of a 靠谱的滚球平台 from matters in which the 靠谱的滚球平台 participated personally and substantially carries forward a policy of avoiding both actual impropriety and the appearance of impropriety that is expressed in the federal conflict-of-interest statutes and was expressed in the former Code of Professional Responsibility. Paragraph (c) requires the screening of a disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 from such a matter as a condition to allowing any 靠谱的滚球平台s in the disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台’s firm to participate in it. 允许这一程序是为了避免对靠谱的滚球平台进入公共服务部门造成严重的威慑. Governments have found that they benefit from having in their service both younger and more experienced 靠谱的滚球平台s who do not intend to devote their entire careers to public service. 一些靠谱的滚球平台如果这样认为，他们可能不会从事短期的公共服务, 作为他们积极的政府实践的结果, 公司会犹豫是否要雇佣他们，因为他们担心整个公司会因此失去参与事务的资格.
   [6]在司法法律书记员的情况下，没有推定的不合格，因此没有筛选要求. 但这些书记员有个人义务不参与(a)款范围内的事项。, 因为法律书记员的参与是在“司法或其他审判能力”范围内.”
   [7] (d)款规定了另一项要求，在被取消资格的靠谱的滚球平台的附属靠谱的滚球平台参加代理之前，必须满足这一要求. 除非(e)款的例外情况已获满足, both the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 and at least one affiliated 靠谱的滚球平台 must submit to the agency signed documents basically stating that the personally disqualified 靠谱的滚球平台 will be screened from participation in the matter. 被个人取消资格的靠谱的滚球平台还必须声明，该靠谱的滚球平台将不分享为所涉代理支付的任何费用. 附属靠谱的滚球平台必须描述应遵循的程序，以确保有效筛选个人不合格的靠谱的滚球平台.
   [8] (e)款明确指出，根据规则1，靠谱的滚球平台的义务.6, 为维护客户的机密，可排除提交第(d)段所要求的任何通知。. 如果客户以书面形式要求不披露陈述的事实和主题, 靠谱的滚球平台必须答应那项要求. 如果客户提出这样的要求, 靠谱的滚球平台必须遵守委托人的意愿，直到代理的事实和标的通过其他方式公开为止, 比如公开备案. 在法庭的诉讼程序中提出抗辩或出庭构成公开立案. 一旦有关代表的信息公开, 所要求的通知必须及时发出, 而相关靠谱的滚球平台可能不尊重客户不做通知的要求. 如果一个政府机构在该机构之前采用了由前政府雇员制定的规范行为的规则, 哥伦比亚特区靠谱的滚球平台协会的成员不受规则1的豁免.11(e)不受行政机关可能施加的任何额外或更严格的通知要求的影响. 因此，无论客户是否同意，代理机构都可能要求提交通知. 而靠谱的滚球平台不能提交客户指示靠谱的滚球平台不要提交的通知, 未按照代理规则提出申请的，靠谱的滚球平台在代理机构面前不能代表委托人. 此类问题由该机构的规则和规则1管辖.11(e)并不打算取代这种机构的要求.
   [9] Although paragraph (e) prohibits the 靠谱的滚球平台 from disclosing the fact and subject matter of the representation when the client has requested in writing that the information be kept confidential, the paragraph requires the 靠谱的滚球平台 to prepare the documents described in paragraph (d) as soon as the representation commences and to preserve the documents for possible submission to the agency and parties to any pertinent proceeding if and when the client does consent to their submission or the information becomes public.
   [10]“其他工作,，如本条第(a)款所使用, 包括该靠谱的滚球平台作为公职人员或雇员受雇的政府机构以外的政府机构的代表, but in the case of a move from one government agency to another the prohibition provided (a)段 may be waived by the government agency with which the 靠谱的滚球平台 was previously employed. 如(a)段所使用, 靠谱的滚球平台离开某一特定政府机构而受雇于另一政府机构，这不是其他职业.g., (司法部)或与私人靠谱的滚球平台事务所合作，以继续或接受该靠谱的滚球平台以前受雇于的同一政府机构的代理.
   [11] (c)款不禁止靠谱的滚球平台获得事先独立协议规定的工资或合伙份额. 它禁止以任何方式将靠谱的滚球平台的报酬与靠谱的滚球平台被取消资格的事项的费用直接联系起来. 看到 D.C. 靠谱的滚球平台协会法律道德委员会意见.
   [12]规则1.第10(e)款规定了规则1规定的一般归责的例外情况.10(a)临时协助哥伦比亚特区总检察长办公室的靠谱的滚球平台. 规则1.10(e)规定，提供这种临时助理的靠谱的滚球平台在临时助理期间不被视为隶属于其靠谱的滚球平台事务所. 然而, 靠谱的滚球平台s participating in such temporary assistance programs have a potential for conflicts of interest or the abuse of information obtained while participating in such programs. 对参加临时援助计划的靠谱的滚球平台适用(a)至(g)段对前政府雇员规定的同样规则是适当的. (h)段影响这一结果.
   [13]除了伦理问题之外, provisions of conflict of interest statutes or regulations may impose limitations on the conduct of 靠谱的滚球平台s while they are providing assistance to the Office of the District of Columbia Attorney or after they return from such assignments. 看,e.g., 18 U.S.C. §' 207, 208. Compliance with the 职业行为准则 does not necessarily constitute compliance with all of the obligations imposed by conflict of interest statutes or regulations.